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Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to present documentsin a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.[2] Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it. In 1991, Adobe Systems co-founder John Warnock outlined a system called "Camelot"[3] that evolved into PDF.
While Adobe Systems made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1993, PDF was a proprietary format, controlled by Adobe, until it was officially released as an open standard on July 1, 2008, and published by theInternational Organization for Standardization as ISO 32000-1:2008,[4][5] at which time control of the specification passed to an ISO Committee of volunteer industry experts. In 2008, Adobe published a Public Patent License to ISO 32000-1 granting royalty-free rights for all patents owned by Adobe that are necessary to make, use, sell and distribute PDF compliant implementations.[6] However, there are still some proprietary technologies with published specification defined only by Adobe, such as Adobe XML Forms Architecture, and JavaScript for Acrobat, which are referenced by ISO 32000-1 as normative and indispensable for the application of ISO 32000-1 specification.[7][8][9][10][11] The ISO committee is actively standardizing many of these as part of ISO 32000-2.
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